Increasing complexity, disaggregation, and continued feature shrinks add to problem; oversight is scant.
Academia, industry partnerships ramp to entice undergrads into hardware engineering.
Packaging and inspection companies draw funding; 124 startups raise over $2.3 billion.
Pitches continue to decrease, but new tooling and technologies are required.
Buried features and re-entrant geometries drive application-specific metrology solutions.