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Machine Learning Tools Help Bridge Design-To-Manufacturing Gap


More aggressive feature scaling and increasingly complex transistor structures are driving a steady increase in process complexity, increasing the risk that a specified pattern may not be manufacturable with an acceptable yield. A single layer now requires more process steps, and each of those entails more tunable parameters than ever before. To help manage design risk, foundries provide det... » read more

Are Larger Reticle Sizes On The Horizon?


Making high-NA EUV lithography work will take a manufacturing-worthy approach to stitching together circuits or a wholesale change to larger masks. Circuit stitching between the exposure fields is challenging the design, yield and manufacturability of the high-NA (0.55) EUV transition. The alternative is a radical change from 6x6-inch to 6x11-inch masks that would eliminate stitching, but it... » read more

Advanced Packaging Depends On Materials And Co-Design


Multi-die assemblies offer significant opportunities to boost performance and reduce power, but these complex packages also introduce a number of new challenges, including die-to-RDL misalignment, evolving warpage profiles, and CTE mismatch. Heterogeneous integration — an umbrella term that covers many different applications and packaging requirements — holds the potential to combine com... » read more

Many Options For EUV Photoresists, No Clear Winner


In EUV lithography, and especially high-numerical-aperture EUV, balancing tradeoffs between resolution, sensitivity and line-width roughness is becoming increasingly difficult. Lithography patterning using extreme UV exposure depends on a resist mask that can simultaneously meet targets of small feature resolution, high sensitivity to EUV wavelength, and acceptable linewidth roughness. Unfor... » read more

Memory Wall Problem Grows With LLMs


The growing imbalance between the amount of data that needs to be processed to train large language models (LLMs) and the inability to move that data back and forth fast enough between memories and processors has set off a massive global search for a better and more energy- and cost-efficient solution. Much of this is evident in the numbers. The GPU market is forecast to reach $190 billion in ... » read more

Improving GaN Device Architectures


As the universe of applications for power devices grows, designers are finding that no single semiconductor can cover the full range of voltage and current requirements. Instead, combination circuits use different materials for different parts of the overall operating range. GaN is especially well-established in low-power applications like chargers for personal electronics, while silicon and... » read more

Challenges In Powering Electrification With GaN And SiC


The wish list of device properties that designers of power management systems would like to have is lengthy, but no single material is yet sufficient for the full range of power control applications. For control transistors to handle power surges, breakdown voltages should be at least triple the expected operating voltage — 1.2 kilovolts or more for many electric vehicle applications, and ... » read more

New Tradeoffs In Leading-Edge Chip Design


Device design begins with the anticipated workload. What is it actually supposed to do? What resources — computational units, memory, sensors — are available? Answering these questions and developing the functional architecture are the first steps in a new design — well before committing it to silicon, said Tim Kogel, senior director of technical product management at Synopsys. Yet eve... » read more

2D Semiconductors Make Progress, But So Does Silicon


Semiconductor industry researchers have been anticipating the need for better transistor channel materials to replace silicon for a long time, but silicon devices have continued to improve enough to postpone that change. Silicon continues to provide an unmatched combination of device performance, manufacturability, and cost effectiveness. In recent years, though, the “end of silicon” cha... » read more

Preparing For Ferroelectric Devices


The discovery of ferroelectricity in materials that are compatible with integrated circuit manufacturing has sparked a wave of interest in ferroelectric devices. Ferroelectrics are materials with a permanent polarization, the direction of which can be switched by an applied field. This polarization can be used to raise or lower the threshold voltage of a transistor, as in FeFETs, or it can c... » read more

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