tag: memory

11 Ways To Reduce AI Energy Consumption
By Bryon Moyer - 13 May, 2021 - Comments: 1

As the machine-learning industry evolves, the focus has expanded from merely solving the problem to solving the problem better. “Better” often has meant accuracy or speed, but as data-center energy budgets explode and machine learning moves to the edge, energy consumption has taken its place alongside accuracy and speed as a critical issue. There are a number of approaches to neural netw... » read more

Steep Spike For Chip Complexity And Unknowns
By Ed Sperling - 05 May, 2021 - Comments: 0

Cramming more and different kinds of processors and memories onto a die or into a package is causing the number of unknowns and the complexity of those designs to skyrocket. There are good reasons for combining all of these different devices into an SoC or advanced package. They increase functionality and can offer big improvements in performance and power that are no longer available just b... » read more

Shifting Auto Architectures
By Ed Sperling - 29 Apr, 2021 - Comments: 0

Domain controllers and gateways are being replaced by central processing modules and zonal gateways to handle all of the data traffic in a vehicle. Ron DiGiuseppe, automotive IP segment manager at Synopsys, talks with Semiconductor Engineering about how automotive applications are changing, what that means for engineering teams, and how they will shift as AI is increasingly deployed. » read more

More Data Drives Focus On IC Energy Efficiency
By Ann Mutschler - 08 Apr, 2021 - Comments: 0

Computing workloads are becoming increasingly interdependent, raising the complexity level for chip architects as they work out exactly where that computing should be done and how to optimize it for shrinking energy margins. At a fundamental level, there is now more data to compute and more urgency in getting results. This situation has forced a rethinking of how much data should be moved, w... » read more

Understanding Write Combining On Arm
By Arm - 07 Apr, 2021 - Comments: 0

Write Combining (WC) is a specialized memory type defined by the x86-64 architecture that is used for gathering multiple stores into burst transactions over the system bus. WC is commonly used on x86-64 platforms for interaction with I/O and other peripheral devices. In this whitepaper we provide an overview of the Arm architecture memory types that provide WC-like capabilities. In addition, t... » read more

Computing Where Data Resides
By Ann Mutschler - 29 Mar, 2021 - Comments: 3

Computational storage is starting to gain traction as system architects come to grips with the rising performance, energy and latency impacts of moving large amounts of data between processors and hierarchical memory and storage. According to IDC, the global datasphere will grow from 45 zettabytes in 2019 to 175 by 2025. But that data is essentially useless unless it is analyzed or some amou... » read more

Overcoming Challenges In Next-Generation SRAM Cell Architectures
By Benjamin Vincent - 18 Mar, 2021 - Comments: 0

Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) has been a key element for logic circuitry since the early age of the semiconductor industry. The SRAM cell usually consists of six transistors connected to each other in order to perform logic storage and other functions. The size of the 6T (6 Transistors) SRAM cell has shrunk steadily over the past decades, thanks to Moore’s Law and the size reduction of t... » read more

HBM2E Raises The Bar For AI/ML Training
By Frank Ferro - 11 Mar, 2021 - Comments: 0

The largest AI/ML neural network training models now exceed an enormous 100 billion parameters. With the rate of growth over the last decade on a 10X annual pace, we’re headed to trillion parameter models in the not-too-distant future. Given the tremendous value that can be derived from AI/ML (it is mission critical to five of six of the top market cap companies in the world), there has been ... » read more

MRAM Evolves In Multiple Directions
By Bryon Moyer - 11 Mar, 2021 - Comments: 1

Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) is one of several new non-volatile memory technologies targeting broad commercial availability, but designing MRAM into chips and systems isn't as simple as adding other types of memory. MRAM isn’t an all-things-for-all-applications technology. It needs to be tuned for its intended purpose. MRAMs targeting flash will not do as well targeting SRAMs, and vice vers... » read more

Usage Models Driving Data Center Architecture Changes
By Ann Mutschler - 11 Feb, 2021 - Comments: 0

Data center architectures are undergoing a significant change, fueled by more data and much greater usage from remote locations. Part of this shift involves the need to move some processing closer to the various memory hierarchies, from SRAM to DRAM to storage. There is more data to process, and it takes less energy and time to process that data in place. But workloads also are being distrib... » read more

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