Pushing The Envelope With HBM2E Memory


In September, Rambus announced the achievement of reaching 4 gigabits per second (Gbps) operation with our HBM2E memory interface. This milestone was demonstrated in silicon and required mastering substantial signal integrity and power integrity (SI/PI) challenges. The 4 Gbps mark represents a 20% rise from the previous maximum data rate of 3.2 Gbps for HBM2E. To date, the industry’s faste... » read more

Tapping Into Purpose-Built Neural Network Models For Even Bigger Efficiency Gains


Neural networks can be categorized as a set of algorithms modelled loosely after the human brain that can ‘learn’ by incorporating new data. Indeed, many benefits can be derived from developing purpose-built “computationally efficient” neural network models. However, to ensure your model is effective, there are several key requirements that need to be considered. One critical conside... » read more

Startup Funding: November 2020


Numerous chipmakers pulled in funding in November 2020, with investors putting money into interconnects, memories, AI hardware, and quantum computing. Launching from stealth was a startup aiming to combine AI and 5G. Autonomous delivery did well, too, with one company raising a massive $500M. This month, we take a look at 28 companies that raised a collective $1.1B. Semi & design Connec... » read more

Impact Of Instruction Memory On Processor PPA


The area of any part of a design contributes both to the silicon cost and to the power consumption. A simplistic following of the “A” in a processor IP vendor’s PPA numbers can be misleading. A processor is never in isolation but is part of a subsystem additionally including instruction memory, data memory, and peripherals. In most cases, instruction memory will be dominant and the proc... » read more

Upturn Seen For Silicon Wafer Market


After a downturn in 2019, the silicon wafer market is expected to rebound in 2020. 2021 looks even better for silicon wafers. Silicon wafers are a fundamental part of the semiconductor business. Every chipmaker needs to buy them in one size or another. Silicon wafer vendors produce and sell bare or raw silicon wafers to chipmakers, who in turn process them into chips. The silicon wafer ma... » read more

Dealing With Sub-Threshold Variation


Chipmakers are pushing into sub-threshold operation in an effort to prolong battery life and reduce energy costs, adding a whole new set of challenges for design teams. While process and environmental variation long have been concerns for advanced silicon process nodes, most designs operate in the standard “super-threshold” regime. Sub-threshold designs, in contrast, have unique variatio... » read more

Difficult Memory Choices In AI Systems


The number of memory choices and architectures is exploding, driven by the rapid evolution in AI and machine learning chips being designed for a wide range of very different end markets and systems. Models for some of these systems can range in size from 10 billion to 100 billion parameters, and they can vary greatly from one chip or application to the next. Neural network training and infer... » read more

ResNet-50 Does Not Predict Inference Throughput For MegaPixel Neural Network Models


Customers are considering applications for AI inference and want to evaluate multiple inference accelerators. As we discussed last month, TOPS do NOT correlate with inference throughput and you should use real neural network models to benchmark accelerators. So is ResNet-50 a good benchmark for evaluating relative performance of inference accelerators? If your application is going to p... » read more

GDDR6 Memory For Life On The Edge


With the torrid growth in data traffic, it is unsurprising that the number of hyperscale data centers has grown apace. According to analysts at the Synergy Research Group, in July of this year there were 541 hyperscale data centers worldwide. That represents a doubling in the number since 2015. Even more striking, there are an additional 176 in the pipeline, so the breakneck growth in hyperscal... » read more

Machine Learning Enabled High-Sigma Verification Of Memory Designs


Emerging applications and the big data explosion have made memory IPs ubiquitous in modern-day electronics. Specifically, the demand for memories with low-die area, low voltage, high capacity, and high performance is rising for use by data center and cloud computing servers. This is essential to serve the exponentially growing connectivity boom and the latest emerging 5G based systems, includin... » read more

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