Designing Automotive ICs For Cybersecurity


The day has already arrived when we need to be concerned about the cybersecurity of our cars. An average modern car includes about 1400 ICs and many of them are used in sophisticated applications, like autonomous driving and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The security of road vehicles is an important issue to automakers and OEMs but is rooted in the IC devices that power the vehicle... » read more

Verifying Compliance During PCIe Re-Timer Testing Poses Challenges


In PCI Express (PCIe), a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, Compliance mode is used for testing the transmitter and interconnect to assess if their voltage and timing are compliant with the specification. This testing happens in the Polling Compliance state which is a dedicated state for Compliance testing in the Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM). In Unraveling the... » read more

Closing The Performance Gap Between DRAM And AI Processors


As the workhorse of semiconductor memory, DRAM holds a unique place in the industry thanks to its large storage capacity and ability to feed data and program code to the host processor quickly. Lately, this unsung hero of the circuit board has been taking a backseat to its logic counterparts, as a wave of high-performance FPGAs, CPUs, GPUs, TPUs and custom accelerator ASICs emerges to meet t... » read more

Automotive Safety Island


The promise of autonomous vehicles is driving profound changes in the design and testing of automotive semiconductor parts. Automotive ICs, once deployed for simple functions like controlling windows, are now performing complex functions related to advanced driver-assist systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving applications. The processing power required results in very large and complex ICs that ... » read more

Flexible Temperature Measurement with the ZSSC3241 Enables Bridge as Temperature Sensor


Accurate measurement using sensor elements requires precise and local measurement of the element’s temperature for correction and compensation across a wide operating range. Thus, an integral part of Sensor Signal Conditioner (SSC) functionality is to provide at least one or more methods to measure temperature of the sensor element, which is typically a resistive bridge or capacitive transduc... » read more

eFPGA Architectural Improvements That Lower Test Cost And Increase Quality


More than 40 chips have been licensed to use EFLX eFPGA and >20 chips are working in silicon. Big customers like Renesas are planning high volume families of chips using embedded FPGA. As a result, we have gained extensive experience and knowledge in almost 10 years of doing eFPGA especially in production test for cost reduction and reliability improvement. eFPGA DFT and MBIST for high q... » read more

2023 Open Source Security And Risk Analysis Report


The annual “Open Source Security and Risk Analysis” (OSSRA) report, now in its 8th edition, examines vulnerabilities and license conflicts found in roughly 1,700 codebases across 17 industries. The report offers recommendations for security, legal, risk, and development teams to better understand the security and risk landscape accompanying open source development and use. Click here to ... » read more

Usage Of Pulse-Edge Transformer In Secondary-Controlled Flyback Applications


As the demand for smaller form factors and higher energy efficiency for charger/adapter grows, the wide bandgap (WBG) device technology is gaining popularity. To use the potential of WBG and thus improve the power density and efficiency, the switching frequency levels of converters are in the order of 300 kHz to 400 kHz. The higher switching frequency also requires faster control or response ti... » read more

Simplifying Power Module Verification Using Compliance Checking


By Wilfried Wessel, Siemens EDA; Simon Liebetegger, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt; and Florian Bauer, Siemens EDA Current simulation and verification methods for power modules are time-consuming. Each domain has specific solutions based on finite elements analysis, computational fluid dynamics and solvers for electric circuits like SPICE. This article investigates if it is possib... » read more

Securing Automotive Ethernet Connections With MACsec


Zonal architecture in automotive design has become common in recent years in response to the increasing complexity of in-vehicle electrical systems. Automotive Ethernet is used to connect sensors and actuators to zonal gateways in ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) enabled vehicles. With multi-gigabit links, it further connects zonal gateways to the central compute units that handle ADAS... » read more

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