Jumping Over Thermal Cycles Accelerates Thermomechanical Fatigue Simulations


Although you are probably not aware of them, dozens of electronic control units (ECUs) — printed circuit boards (PCBs) in metal or plastic housings — exist in your car to control and monitor the operation and safety of your vehicle’s many control systems. These units must work for the lifetime of your car, during which time they are subjected to many heating and cooling cycles. The most o... » read more

LLM Technology For Chip Design


In the nine short months since OpenAI brought ChatGPT (a Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) and the phenomenal concept of large language models (LLMs) to the global collective consciousness, pioneers from every corner of the economy have raced to understand the benefits—and the pitfalls—of deploying this nascent technology to their particular industry. And as it turns out, semicondu... » read more

Nginx Performance On AWS Graviton3


In this blog we explore the performance of a Nginx Reverse Proxy (RP) and API Gateway (APIGW) on AWS Graviton3-based instances. We will also refer to these collectively as RP/APIGW. We compared AWS Graviton3-based instances to Intel Xeon 'Ice Lake'-based instances and AWS Graviton2-based instances to demonstrate the leadership performance available with AWS Graviton3. Summary Compared to AWS ... » read more

Generative AI: Transforming Inference At The Edge


The world is witnessing a revolutionary advancement in artificial intelligence with the emergence of generative AI. Generative AI generates text, images, or other media responding to prompts. We are in the early stages of this new technology; still, the depth and accuracy of its results are impressive, and its potential is mind-blowing. Generative AI uses transformers, a class of neural network... » read more

Virtual Development Of Perception Sensor Systems


By Ron Martin and Christoph Sohrmann Over the past few years, there has been a marked expansion in research and development activities related to driver assistance systems as well as highly automated and connected driving systems. However, this has yet to translate into a higher degree of automation in the average production vehicle – especially for SAE Level 3 and above. The next step in ... » read more

Using A Retimer To Extend Reach For PCIe 6.0 Designs


One of the biggest changes that came with PCIe 6.0 was the transition from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling to PAM4 signaling. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) enables more bits to be transmitted at the same time on a serial channel. In PCIe 6.0, this translates to 2 bits per clock cycle for 4 amplitude levels (00, 01, 10, 11) vs. PCIe 5.0, and earlier generations, which used NRZ with 1 bit p... » read more

Developing Energy-Efficient AI Accelerators For Intelligent Edge Computing And Data Centers


Artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators are deployed in data centers and at the edge to overcome conventional von Neumann bottlenecks by rapidly processing petabytes of information. Even as Moore’s law slows, AI accelerators continue to efficiently enable key applications that many of us increasingly rely on, from ChatGPT and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to smart edge device... » read more

What Is An Integrated Circuit?


In our modern world, just about everything is woven together by electronics. From microwaves to satellites, electronics-powered devices are infused into our every waking moment. Today, even our sleep includes digital acoustics, haptics, and analytics. But while the systems that light, connect, and move our lives can vary greatly, nearly every electronic device has one or more of the same fundam... » read more

Compiler-Driven Performance Boosts For GPNPUs


The GNU C Compiler – GCC – was first released in 1987. 36 years ago. Several version streams are still actively being developed and enhanced, with GCC13 being the most advanced, and a GCC v10.5 released in early July this year. You might think that with 36 years of refinement by thousands of contributors that penultimate performance has been achieved. All that could be discovered has bee... » read more

Fast, Accurate, Automated Via Insertion During Design Implementation Requires Foundry Rule Compliance


As the scaling of silicon technology proceeds, via resistance is becoming a dominant factor in integrated circuit (IC) yield, performance, and reliability. At advanced nodes, interconnects and via dimensions decrease, while the number of metallization layers increases. To moderate the impact of via resistance on yield and reliability and reduce electromigration (EM) and voltage drop (IR) effect... » read more

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