Is A Guestimate Good Enough For Obtaining Failure Mode Distribution?


SoCs targeting automotive applications are required to meet certain safety and quality standards as described in ISO 26262. A quantitative approach to safety analysis involves performing Failure Mode Effects and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA). FMEDA is a systematic quantitative analysis technique to obtain subsystem/product level failure rates, failure modes and diagnostic capabilities of systemat... » read more

A Practical Approach To DFT For Large SoCs And AI Architectures, Part I


The traditional processors designed for general-purpose applications struggle to meet the computing demands and power budgets of artificial intelligence (AI) or machine leaning (ML) applications. Several semiconductor design companies are now developing dedicated AI/ML accelerators that are optimized for specific workloads such that they deliver much higher processing capabilities with much low... » read more

High-Quality Test And Embedded Analytics Are Vital For Secure SoCs


Applications like as smart cards and devices used in the defense industry require security to ensure that sensitive data is inaccessible to outside agents. This used to be a niche requirement met through custom solutions. However, now that automotive and cyber-physical systems are proliferating, the requirements around secure test and monitoring are becoming mainstream. The current best strateg... » read more

Extreme Ancestry: Silicon Edition


The ability to trace the genealogy of all the components in an electronic device has been getting more complex for decades. For many industries — automotive, defense, medical and others — the need to locate the source of a problem in near real-time is paramount to gauging the extent of that problem. The extreme case is when the issue occurs with a product that already has been distributed a... » read more

The 5G Rollout: Solving Advanced RF Metrology Challenges


The global radio frequency (RF) semiconductor market size is growing rapidly at a compound annual growth rate of 8.5%, with an expected increase from $17.4 billion in 2020 to $26.2 billion in 2025, according to Research and Markets [1]. As many are aware, the rollout of 5G technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), which is enabled by 5G, are the main driving forces for this growth. Growth... » read more

Deep Learning Delivers Fast, Accurate Solutions For Object Detection In The Automated Optical Inspection Of Electronic Assemblies


When automated optical inspection (AOI) works, it is almost always preferable to human visual inspection. It can be faster, more accurate, more consistent, less expensive, and it never gets tired. However, some tasks that are very simple for humans are quite difficult for machines. Object detection is an example. For example, shown an image containing a cat, a dog, and a duck, a human can insta... » read more

Optimizing System Performance At Runtime


Silicon lifecycle management (SLM) is one of the hottest emerging topics in the semiconductor industry. Chip and system developers face relentless demands for ever greater performance, reliability, functional safety, and security along with lower power consumption and silicon cost. Key applications driving these demands include data centers, autonomous vehicles, complex consumer devices such as... » read more

HSIO Loopback Turns Challenges Into Opportunities For Test At 112 Gbps


By Dave Armstrong and Don Thompson For both PCIe and Ethernet (IEEE 802.3,) signals are getting mighty small. With PCIe 5 reaching 32 Gbps (NRZ at 32 GBaud) and 802.3 reaching 112 Gbps (PAM4 at 56 GBaud), typical eye-mask limits are shrinking. Consequently, test requirements for high-speed I/O (HSIO) test are becoming daunting. HSIO test involves measurement of Tx eye height and width, co... » read more

Success Stories For Packetized Scan Data


Some new design-for-test (DFT) technologies are difficult, expensive, or risky to implement but offer significant benefits. Other technologies are easy to implement but offer minor improvements. The calculation of whether (or when) to adopt new technology includes consideration of the pressures of DFT today—design complexity, the lack of flexibility in hardwiring scan channels, the proliferat... » read more

Engineers’ Experiences Around The World


As CTO, I see my role partially as strengthening the engineering community through program reviews, engineering education programs, conferences, seminars, and the product life cycle process at KLA. I also think it is critically important to spark engineering enthusiasm – helping engineers rediscover the excitement and curiosity that helps drive innovation. When inspired to create, engineers c... » read more

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