Chiplet Tradeoffs And Limitations


The semiconductor industry is buzzing with the benefits of chiplets, including faster time to market, better performance, and lower power, but finding the correct balance between customization and standardization is proving to be more difficult than initially thought. For a commercial chiplet marketplace to really take off, it requires a much deeper understanding of how chiplets behave indiv... » read more

Implementing AI Activation Functions


Activation functions play a critical role in AI inference, helping to ferret out nonlinear behaviors in AI models. This makes them an integral part of any neural network, but nonlinear functions can be fussy to build in silicon. Is it better to have a CPU calculate them? Should hardware function units be laid down to execute them? Or would a lookup table (LUT) suffice? Most architectures inc... » read more

3D-IC Ecosystem Starts To Take Form


The adoption of chiplets is inevitable, but exactly when a mass migration toward this design approach will begin is yet to be determined. Nevertheless, some of the biggest technological and business-related barriers are being addressed. And while a chiplet-based design remains beyond the economic reach of many companies today, that is starting to change. Early signs of an emerging ecosystem ... » read more

Why Thin Film Measurements Matter


Semiconductor devices are becoming thinner and more complex, making thin deposited films even harder to measure and control. With 3nm node devices in production and 2nm nodes ramping toward first-silicon, the importance of precise film measurement is only growing in significance as fabs seek to maintain the performance and reliability of leading-edge devices. Whether it’s the read and writ... » read more

Nearly Invisible: Defect Detection Below 5nm


Detecting sub-5nm defects creates huge challenges for chipmakers, challenges that have a direct impact on yield, reliability, and profitability. In addition to being smaller and harder to detect, defects are often hidden beneath intricate device structures and packaging schemes. Moreover, traditional optical and electrical probing methods, trusted for decades, are proving inadequate against ... » read more

Hunting For Macro Defects


Detecting macro-defects early in the wafer processing flow is vital for yield and process improvement, and it is driving innovations in both inspection techniques and wafer test map analysis. At the wafer level, a macro-defect can affect more than one die, and in some cases large regions of a wafer. Finding macro defects can indicate a significant issue with a process module, a particular fi... » read more

Stakes Are High For Aerospace, Defense IC Designs


Chips destined for the skies or armed forces need extra everything. They require higher layers of abstraction to simulate all the moving parts in the field, high-reliability testing for harsh environments, in addition to system-level test. They also need radiation-hardening and ceramic materials for space, extra safety layers, and advanced security techniques. As in the automotive sector, th... » read more

Chip Aging Opens Up New Attack Vectors


The longer a piece of silicon is out in the field the more prone it becomes to a cyberattack, raising questions about the optimal longevity of circuits and the impact of extending their lifetimes. This is particularly challenging for safety- and mission-critical applications, where the cost of development can run as high as $100 million for some of the most complex designs. Chipmakers want t... » read more

Startup Funding: Q1 2025


The first quarter of 2025 saw six companies raise at least $100 million in investment. Of those, three went to quantum hardware companies, with major investment into neutral atom, superconducting, and hybrid quantum control approaches. AI chips and enabling technology were another big winner in the quarter, with companies developing optical communications tech for chips and data center infra... » read more

Benefits And Challenges In Multi-Die Assemblies


Experts at the Table: Semiconductor Engineering sat down to discuss chiplets, hybrid bonding, and new materials with Michael Kelly, vice president of Chiplets and FCBGA Integration at Amkor; William Chen, fellow at ASE; Dick Otte, CEO of Promex Industries; and Sander Roosendaal, R&D director at Synopsys Photonics Solutions. What follows are excerpts of that discussion. To view part one of t... » read more

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