What’s Missing In 2.5D EDA Tools


Gaps in EDA tool chains for 2.5D designs are limiting the adoption of this advanced packaging approach, which so far has been largely confined to high-performance computing. But as the rest of the chip industry begins migrating toward advanced packaging and chiplets, the EDA industry is starting to change direction. There are learning periods with all new technologies, and 2.5D advanced pack... » read more

Interconnects Essential To Heterogeneous Integration


Designing and manufacturing interconnects is becoming more complex, and more critical to device reliability, as the chip industry shifts from monolithic planar dies to collections of chips and chiplets in a package. What was once as simple as laying down a copper trace has evolved into tens of thousands of microbumps, hybrid bonds, through-silicon vias (TSVs), and even junctions for optical ... » read more

Current And Future Challenges For An Open Chiplet Ecosystem


There are currently a variety of ways to approach chiplet systems. One is to have a closed system in which a manufacturer develops all the components in-house and is also in charge of commissioning and overseeing assembly. In this scenario, everything is coordinated within that company and no standards are required. Another is to establish open chiplet systems. This approach taps a considera... » read more

Backside Power Delivery Adds New Thermal Concerns


As the semiconductor industry gears up for backside power delivery at the 2nm node, implementation of the technology requires a re-thinking of established design practices. While some EDA tools are already qualified, designers must acquaint themselves with new issues, including making place-and-route more thermal-aware and how to manage heat dissipation with less shielding and thinner substr... » read more

The Rising Price Of Power In Chips


Power is everything when it comes to processing and storing data, and much of it isn't good. Power-related issues, particularly heat, dominate chip and system designs today, and those issues are widening and multiplying. Transistor density has reached a point where these tiny digital switches are generating more heat than can be removed through traditional means. That may sound manageable e... » read more

2.5D Integration: Big Chip Or Small PCB?


Defining whether a 2.5D device is a printed circuit board shrunk down to fit into a package, or is a chip that extends beyond the limits of a single die, may seem like hair-splitting semantics, but it can have significant consequences for the overall success of a design. Planar chips always have been limited by size of the reticle, which is about 858mm2. Beyond that, yield issues make the si... » read more

New Issues In Power Semiconductors


The number of challenges is growing in power semiconductors, just as it is in traditional chips. Thermal dissipation and gradients, new design rules, and layout issues need to be considered, especially in the context of higher voltage and increased performance demands. Roland Jancke, design methodology head in Fraunhofer IIS’ Engineering of Adaptive Systems Division, talks about issues in int... » read more

AI Tradeoffs At The Edge


AI is impacting almost every application area imaginable, but increasingly it is moving from the data center to the edge, where larger amounts of data need to be processed much more quickly than in the past. This has set off a scramble for massive improvements in performance much closer to the source of data, but with a familiar set of caveats — it must use very little power, be affordable... » read more

An Empirical Comparison Of Optimizers For Quantum Machine Learning With SPSA-Based Gradients


Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have attracted a lot of attention from the quantum computing community for the last few years. Their hybrid quantum-classical nature with relatively shallow quantum circuits makes them a promising platform for demonstrating the capabilities of noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Although the classical machine learning community focuses on gradi... » read more

Why There Are Still No Commercial 3D-ICs


Building chips in three dimensions is drawing increased attention and investment, but so far there have been no announcements about commercial 3D-IC chips. There are some fundamental problems that must be overcome and new tools that need to be developed. In contrast, the semiconductor industry is becoming fairly comfortable with 2.5D integration, where individual dies are assembled on some k... » read more

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