Using A Retimer To Extend Reach For PCIe 6.0 Designs


One of the biggest changes that came with PCIe 6.0 was the transition from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling to PAM4 signaling. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) enables more bits to be transmitted at the same time on a serial channel. In PCIe 6.0, this translates to 2 bits per clock cycle for 4 amplitude levels (00, 01, 10, 11) vs. PCIe 5.0, and earlier generations, which used NRZ with 1 bit p... » read more

MRAM Getting More Attention At Smallest Nodes


Magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM) appears to be gaining traction at the most advanced nodes, in part because of recent improvements in the memory itself and in part because new markets require solutions for which MRAM may be uniquely qualified. There are still plenty of skeptics when it comes to MRAM, and lots of potential competitors. That has limited MRAM to a niche role over the past couple de... » read more

Developing Energy-Efficient AI Accelerators For Intelligent Edge Computing And Data Centers


Artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators are deployed in data centers and at the edge to overcome conventional von Neumann bottlenecks by rapidly processing petabytes of information. Even as Moore’s law slows, AI accelerators continue to efficiently enable key applications that many of us increasingly rely on, from ChatGPT and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to smart edge device... » read more

What Is An Integrated Circuit?


In our modern world, just about everything is woven together by electronics. From microwaves to satellites, electronics-powered devices are infused into our every waking moment. Today, even our sleep includes digital acoustics, haptics, and analytics. But while the systems that light, connect, and move our lives can vary greatly, nearly every electronic device has one or more of the same fundam... » read more

Compiler-Driven Performance Boosts For GPNPUs


The GNU C Compiler – GCC – was first released in 1987. 36 years ago. Several version streams are still actively being developed and enhanced, with GCC13 being the most advanced, and a GCC v10.5 released in early July this year. You might think that with 36 years of refinement by thousands of contributors that penultimate performance has been achieved. All that could be discovered has bee... » read more

Fast, Accurate, Automated Via Insertion During Design Implementation Requires Foundry Rule Compliance


As the scaling of silicon technology proceeds, via resistance is becoming a dominant factor in integrated circuit (IC) yield, performance, and reliability. At advanced nodes, interconnects and via dimensions decrease, while the number of metallization layers increases. To moderate the impact of via resistance on yield and reliability and reduce electromigration (EM) and voltage drop (IR) effect... » read more

Neon Intrinsics In Rust


At the end of 2021, the Neon intrinsics in Rust were completed and the community proposed stabilizing them (not requiring a nightly compiler). The implementation of the Neon intrinsics was a large effort mostly undertaken by the Rust community so Arm would like to thank everyone involved in that. At the time of writing, all the Neon intrinsics that are Armv8.0-A are implemented and are stabi... » read more

Cleaning Marine Geometries Has Never Been Easier


Ship designers and naval architects increasingly use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for more accurate solutions, detailed physics, and quicker results. Marine ship design studies in the past relied mainly on scaled-down models in towing tanks for insights into ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuvering. However, these models had discrepancies in their Reynolds and Fro... » read more

Power Supply Noise Effects On Jitter In Clock Synchronous Systems With Emphasis On Memory Interfaces


Power Supply Noise Effects on Jitter in Clock Synchronous Systems with Emphasis on LPDDR5X, DDR5 and HBM3 In today's fast-paced digital world, the performance and capacity of high-speed memory has become crucial for a wide range of applications, from personal computing devices to data centers and high-performance computing systems. Designers face challenges in optimizing their designs ... » read more

Arm Total Compute: Engineering For Tomorrow’s Workloads


As consumers seek richer and more immersive experiences from their devices, the way compute systems are engineered must continually evolve to keep up. Arm Total Compute takes a solution-focused approach to system-on-chip design, moving beyond individual IP elements to design and optimize the system as a whole to enable more digital immersion experiences. Not only does this white paper dis... » read more

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