Ensuring Memory Reliability Throughout the Silicon Lifecycle


By Anand Thiruvengadam and Guy Cortez Memories are everywhere in modern electronics. Discrete memory chips account for much of the space on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Embedded memories consume much of the floorplan in system-on-chip (SoC) devices. Many multi-die chip configurations, including 2.5D/3DIC devices, are driven by the need for faster memory access. Designing and verifying memo... » read more

Next Steps For Improving Yield


Chipmakers are ramping new tools and methodologies to achieve sufficient yield faster, despite smaller device dimensions, a growing number of systematic defects, immense data volumes, and massive competitive pressure. Whether a 3nm process is ramping, or a 28nm process is being tuned, the focus is on reducing defectivity. The challenge is to rapidly identify indicators that can improve yield... » read more

Automated Optical Inspection


Building good automated models for inspection require more data to be collected, both good and bad. Vijay Thangamariappan, R&D engineer at Advantest, explains how to develop models for automating optical inspection, using a multi-thousand pin socket as an example for how machine learning has helped reduce the return rate due to defects from 2% down to zero. He also explains how to achieve t... » read more

Bug-Free Designs


It is possible in theory to create a design with no bugs, but it's impractical, unnecessary, and extremely difficult to prove for bugs you care about. The problem is intractable because the potential state space is enormous for any practical design. The industry has devised ways to handle this complexity, but each has limitations, makes assumptions, and employs techniques that abstract the p... » read more

EVs Raise Energy, Power, And Thermal IC Design Challenges


The transition to electric vehicles is putting pressure on power grids to produce more energy and on vehicles to use that energy much more efficiently, creating a gargantuan set of challenges that will affect every segment of the automotive world, the infrastructure that supports it, and the chips that are required to make all of this work. From a semiconductor standpoint, improvements in th... » read more

Robust Latch Hardened Against QNUs for Safety-Critical Applications in 22nm CMOS Technology


A technical paper titled "Cost-Optimized and Robust Latch Hardened against Quadruple Node Upsets for Nanoscale CMOS" was just published by researchers at Anhui University, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Polytechnic University, Kyushu Institute of Technology, and the University of Montpellier/CNRS. Abstract: "With the aggressive reduction of CMOS transistor feature sizes, the soft ... » read more

TCAD-Based Radiation Modeling Technique For Reliable Aerospace Chips


By Ian Land and Ricardo Borges We demand a lot from the electronic components that bring our devices and systems to life. This is particularly true when it comes to semiconductors for space applications. From satellites to spacecraft, aerospace and defense equipment must tolerate the most extreme of operating conditions in order to perform their jobs safely and reliably. How do you ensure... » read more

The Reliability Of Analog Integrated Circuits And Their Simulation-Aided Verification


Different challenges have to be overcome when designing integrated circuits. Besides schematic and layout design work, verification in view of the non-ideal behavior of circuits and semiconductor technologies in particular is also relevant. The designed circuits have to work at specific operating voltages and within ambient temperature ranges and be robust in terms of process fluctuations ... » read more

Thermal Cycling Failure In Electronics


Each time a device is turned off and on, its temperature changes. (Just think about how often your phone lights up all day.) Energy flowing through several layers of tightly stacked materials causes devices to heat up, then rapidly cool down. This repeated oscillation between temperatures over the lifetime of a device is called thermal cycling. Why thermal management is important Thermal cycl... » read more

Verify Perception Systems Virtually Via Accurate Fog Models


Under every lighting level and weather condition, cameras must reliably “see” pedestrians and other physical objects ― and trigger an appropriate reaction from critical systems such as braking. This is especially challenging in foggy conditions, which can confuse visual cameras, radar, lidar and other conventional sensor technologies. Thermal imaging represents a potential solution, helpi... » read more

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