Chiplets: Current Status


Recent weeks have seen a number of interesting developments in the area of chiplets. An increasing number of products based on chiplets have been brought to market, especially in the processors segment. For example, Apple and AMD now have processors with chiplets on the market and under production in high volumes. On one hand, this means that sufficient production capacity has now been built up... » read more

New Robots Require New Ways To Think About Processors


We’re on the cusp of a revolution in robots. After years of relatively moderate growth, sales of commercial and industrial robots are slated to grow by 25% to 35% per year over the next decade, according to Boston Consulting Group, and could reach $260 billion by 2030 to meet the demands of manufacturers, retailers and others to streamline supply chains, enhance safety and boost productivity.... » read more

Improving PPA With AI


AI/ML/DL is starting to show up in EDA tools for a variety of steps in the semiconductor design flow, many of them aimed at improving performance, reducing power, and speeding time to market by catching errors that humans might overlook. It's unlikely that complex SoCs, or heterogeneous integration in advanced packages, ever will be perfect at first silicon. Still, the number of common error... » read more

A Sea Change In Signaling With PCIe 6.0


PCI Express (PCIe) is one of those standards from the PC world, like Ethernet, that has proliferated far beyond its original application space. Thanks to its utility and economies of scale, PCIe has found a place in applications in IoT, automotive, test and measurement, medical, and more. As it has scaled, PCIe has pushed NRZ signaling to higher and higher levels reaching 32 gigatransfers per s... » read more

What’s In A Name(space)? Optimizing SSD Controller Performance And Verification


Solid state drives (SSDs) have come to the forefront as a promising solution for today and tomorrow’s immense data transfer and storage demands. And SSDs themselves are constantly evolving with upgrades of their critical components to provide higher access speeds. One such component for the NVMe specification is created by the division of non-volatile memory (NVM) into what are commonly known... » read more

Meeting 112 SerDes Based System Design Challenges


The need for higher bandwidth networking equipment as well as connectivity in the cloud and hyperscale data centers is driving the switch technology transition from 25Tb/s (terabytes) to 51Tb/s and soon to 100Tb/s. The industry has chosen Ethernet to drive the switch market, using 112G SerDes or PHY technology today and 224G SerDes in the future. This article describes how designers can overcom... » read more

Open RAN Phase 2


I first wrote about Open RAN in my post Fourth 4G Network Goes Live in Japan. Open RAN is a program driven by a group of European operators to build specifications for common architecture instead of getting "locked into" the closed architectures sold by the big base-station vendors such as Nokia, Samsung, and Ericsson. It is analogous to what servers went through over the last few decades, m... » read more

NVMe-oF: Simple, Invisible Fabric For Distributed Storage Networks


In today’s fast paced world, we need seamless access to huge chunks of data and new-world technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), cloud computing, and real-time data analytics. AI researchers are deriving applications such as cyber security analysis and intelligent virtual assistants (IVA) where the computer needs to process an intense amount of data. Theref... » read more

Every Walk’s A Hit: Making Page Walks Single-Access Cache Hits


As memory capacity has outstripped TLB coverage, large data applications suffer from frequent page table walks. We investigate two complementary techniques for addressing this cost: reducing the number of accesses required and reducing the latency of each access. The first approach is accomplished by opportunistically "flattening" the page table: merging two levels of traditional 4 KB p... » read more

Building High Voltage Automotive Battery Management Systems


To ensure safety, performance and accuracy over the full system lifetime, it is essential to choose the right BMS components. This can also maximize the range and lifetime obtainable from the Li-ion battery, which is a vital differentiator for carmakers. The paper gives a general introduction to Li-ion batteries and BMS, before presenting Infineon’s products and system approach towards offer... » read more

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