Powering AI At Scale: Why 3D-ICs Demand A New Approach To Power Integrity


By Muhammad Hassan and Sudarshan Deo The semiconductor industry is undergoing a fundamental transition. Performance scaling is no longer driven primarily by transistor density, but by advanced packaging—2.5D, 3D-ICs, chiplets, and heterogeneous integration. Fig. 1: 3D-IC and 2.5D structure. These architectures are essential to meeting the extreme performance and bandwidth demands... » read more

TSV Complexity Leads To Manufacturing Bottleneck


Key Takeaways: Through-silicon vias are the biggest enabler of 3D chip stacking and chip-to-PCB connections through silicon interposers. The AI boom is causing HBM and advanced assembly shortages, straining the supply chain. Optimization around etch, fill and reveal help reduce TSV cost. Through-silicon vias (TSVs) provide essential interconnects between DRAM dies inside hig... » read more

Catching Critical Defects In TSVs And Stacked Chips


Key Takeaways Variation is becoming a bigger problem in multi-die assemblies with TSVs and hybrid bonding. Multi-modal approaches are required to test these devices. AI plays a role in improving defect capture rate and distinguishing between yield-killing and false positives. New methods for interconnecting devices using through-silicon vias (TSVs) and hybrid bonding in stac... » read more

Chiplet Fundamentals For Engineers: eBook


Multi-die assemblies are the next phase of Moore's Law, scaling up and out  to improve performance and add flexibility into designs. By decomposing SoCs into building blocks, yield improves for the individual dies and overall performance increases because a chip is no longer bound by reticle limits. But this is much harder than it sounds. Chiplets don't just snap together like LEGOs, and so... » read more

What’s Next for 2.5D Packaging?


Interposers and bridges, two of the key elements for interconnecting multiple chips and chiplets in an advanced package, are undergoing fundamental changes in how they're built and assembled. Interposers are becoming thicker and more complex, while bridges are being used to reduce the assembled cost. Both efforts are facing new challenges. Interposers are effectively platforms on which mu... » read more

Advanced Packaging: Driving Innovation, Performance, And New System Capabilities


Advanced packaging is no longer operating behind the scenes. The technology of advanced packaging is helping to sustain the speed of the semiconductor industry’s improvement in power and performance, even as the Moore’s Law roadmap for wafer-level scaling comes under strain. At the Advanced Packaging Conference during SEMICON Europa 2025 in Munich, global experts examined the growth tr... » read more

Thermal Management In 3D-IC: Modeling Hotspots, Materials, & Cooling Strategies


As three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) technology becomes the architectural backbone of AI, high-performance computing (HPC), and advanced edge systems, thermal management has shifted from a downstream constraint to a fundamental design driver. The dense vertical integration that enables unprecedented performance also concentrates heat at levels that traditional two-dimensional design ... » read more

What Is 3D-IC Technology? Fundamentals, Architecture, And Design Concepts


As process nodes continue to advance into the sub-micron era, the limitations of traditional scaling are becoming increasingly evident. Larger monolithic chips are facing challenges such as higher power density, routing congestion, and reduced yield. Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-IC) technology represents a breakthrough approach by stacking multiple dies vertically. This design red... » read more

New Panel Production Efforts Target Interposer Costs


The rising cost of increasingly large interposers is spurring renewed interest in panel-level manufacturing, which for years has hobbled along due to the massive and collective effort required by the chip industry to change formats. Several companies are developing their own processes, although there is currently no commercial production. And a new consortium called Joint3, spearheaded by Ja... » read more

Critical Factors For Storing Data In DRAM


DRAM is becoming more complicated to develop, and more difficult to manage inside AI data centers. In the past, latency, bandwidth, and capacity were the primary considerations. But as the amount of data that needs to be processed, moved, and stored continues to rise, a whole new set of factors is emerging. Steven Woo, fellow and distinguished inventor at Rambus, talks about latency under load,... » read more

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