tag: memory

Lowering Energy Per Bit
By Ann Mutschler - 12 Aug, 2021 - Comments: 0

Energy is emerging as a focal point in chip and system design, but solving energy-related issues needs to be dealt with on a much broader scale than design teams typically see. Energy is the amount of power consumed over a period of time to perform a given task, but reducing energy is a lot different than reducing power. It affects everything from operational costs and system performance to ... » read more

GDDR6 Memory On The Leading Edge
By Frank Ferro - 12 Aug, 2021 - Comments: 0

With the accelerating growth in data traffic, it is unsurprising that the number of hyperscale data centers keeps rocketing skyward. According to analysts at the Synergy Research Group, in nine months (Q2’20 to Q1’21), 84 new hyperscale data centers came online bringing the total worldwide to 625. Hyperscaler capex set a record $150B over the last four quarters eclipsing the $121B spent in ... » read more

Changes In Auto Architectures
By Ed Sperling - 04 Aug, 2021 - Comments: 0

Automotive architectures are changing from a driver-centric model to one where technology supplements and in some cases replaces the driver. Hans Adlkofer, senior vice president and head of the Automotive Systems Group at Infineon, looks at the different levels of automation in a vehicle, what’s involved in the shift from domain to zonal architectures, why a mix of processors will be required... » read more

Sweeping Changes Ahead For Systems Design
By Ann Mutschler - 29 Jul, 2021 - Comments: 0

Data centers are undergoing a fundamental change, shifting from standard processing models to more data-centric approaches based upon customized hardware, less movement of data, and more pooling of resources. Driven by a flood of web searches, Bitcoin mining, video streaming, data centers are in a race to provide the most efficient and fastest processing possible. But because there are so ma... » read more

Micron D1α, The Most Advanced Node Yet On DRAM
By Jeongdong Choe - 22 Jul, 2021 - Comments: 0

Finally, we got to see D1α DRAM generation! It’s 14nm! After a quick viewing of the Micron D1α die (die markings: Z41C) and its cell design, we have determined its actual technology node (design rule), in contrast to the claims of market literature. It is the most advanced technology node ever on DRAM, and it is the first sub-15nm cell integrated DRAM product. The Micron Z41C die removed... » read more

CXL Memory Interconnect Initiative: Enabling A New Era of Data Center Architecture
By Rambus - 30 Jun, 2021 - Comments: 0

In response to an exponential growth in data, the industry is on the threshold of a groundbreaking architectural shift that will fundamentally change the performance, efficiency and cost of data centers around the globe. Server architecture, which has remained largely unchanged for decades, is taking a revolutionary step forward to address the growing demand for data and the voracious performan... » read more

Targeting Redundancy In ICs
By Brian Bailey - 14 Jun, 2021 - Comments: 0

Technology developed for one purpose is often applicable to other areas, but organizational silos can get in the way of capitalizing on it until there is a clear cost advantage. Consider memory. All memories are fabricated with spare rows and columns that are swapped in when a device fails manufacturing test. "This is a common method to increase the yield of a device, based on how much memor... » read more

How To Improve Software? Start With The Hardware
By Travis Walton - 10 Jun, 2021 - Comments: 0

By Travis Walton and Udi Maor Physicist Art Rosenfeld was working late at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab one night in 1973 when he noticed it. Despite an ongoing energy crisis, his colleagues routinely left their lights on after they left. Waste was one of the largest consumers of power in the state, he soon discovered: pilot lights consumed 10% of gas in homes. Switching from physics to ... » read more

Accelerating AI/ML Inferencing With GDDR6 DRAM
By Frank Ferro - 10 Jun, 2021 - Comments: 0

The origins of graphics double data rate (GDDR) memory can be traced to the rise of 3D gaming on PCs and consoles. The first graphics processing units (GPU) packed single data rate (SDR) and double data rate (DDR) DRAM – the same solution used for CPU main memory. As gaming evolved, the demand for higher frame rates at ever higher resolutions drove the need for a graphics-workload specific me... » read more

Is There a Practical Test For Rowhammer Vulnerability?
By Bryon Moyer - 08 Jun, 2021 - Comments: 3

Rowhammer is proving to be a difficult DRAM issue to fix. While efforts continue to mitigate or eliminate the effect, no solid solution has yet made it to volume production. In addition, more aggressive process nodes are expected to exacerbate the problem. In the absence of a fix, then, testing may be one way to give DRAM manufacturers and users some way to segregate devices that are more su... » read more

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