A Sea Change In Signaling With PCIe 6.0


PCI Express (PCIe) is one of those standards from the PC world, like Ethernet, that has proliferated far beyond its original application space. Thanks to its utility and economies of scale, PCIe has found a place in applications in IoT, automotive, test and measurement, medical, and more. As it has scaled, PCIe has pushed NRZ signaling to higher and higher levels reaching 32 gigatransfers per s... » read more

Choosing The Right Server Interface Architectures For High Performance Computing


The largest bulk and cost of a modern high-performance computing (HPC) installation involves the acquisition or provisioning of many identical systems, interconnected by one or more networks, typically Ethernet and/or InfiniBand. Most HPC experts know that there are many choices between different server manufacturers and the options of form factor, CPU, RAM configuration, out of band management... » read more

Improving Memory Efficiency And Performance


This is the second of two parts on CXL vs. OMI. Part one can be found here. Memory pooling and sharing are gaining traction as ways of optimizing existing resources to handle increasing data volumes. Using these approaches, memory can be accessed by a number of different machines or processing elements on an as-needed basis. Two protocols, CXL and OMI, are being leveraged to simplify thes... » read more

UCIe: Marketing Ruins It Again


You may have seen the press release and articles recently about a new standard called UCIe. It stands for Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express. The standard is a great idea and will certainly help the market for chiplet-based designs to advance. But the name — Argggh. More on that later. First, let's talk about what it is. You may notice the name looks similar to PCIe (Peripheral Compone... » read more

Chiplets Enter The Supercomputer Race


Several entities from various nations are racing each other to deliver and deploy chiplet-based exascale supercomputers, a new class of systems that are 1,000x faster than today’s supercomputers. The latest exascale supercomputer CPU and GPU designs mix and match complex dies in advanced packages, adding a new level of flexibility and customization for supercomputers. For years, various na... » read more

Leveraging Multi-Protocol PHY For PCIe To Cope With SoC Design Complexity


Now in the post-Moore’s Law era, the fast-evolving semiconductor market is continually geared toward higher performance and feature-rich integrated chip (IC) solutions. More functional design blocks integrated with growing interconnections—to not only increase the overall throughput but also expand the I/O connectivity—resulted in a more powerful system on chip (SoC). This increasing comp... » read more

Advancing Signaling Rates To 64 GT/s With PCI Express 6.0


From the introduction of PCI Express 3.0 (PCIe 3.0) in 2010 onward, each new generation of the standard has offered double the signaling rate of its predecessor. PCIe 3.0 saw a significant change to the protocol with the move from 8b/10b to highly efficient 128b/130b encoding. The PCIe 6.0 specification, now officially released, doubles the signaling rate to 64 gigatransfers per second (GT/s) a... » read more

Interop Shift Left: Using Pre-Silicon Simulation for Emerging Standards


The Compute Express Link (CXL) 2.0 specification, released in 2020, accompanies the latest PCI Express (PCIe) 5.0 specification to provide a path to high-bandwidth, cache-coherent, low-latency transport for many high-bandwidth applications such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and hyperscale applications, with specific use cases in newer memory architectures such as disaggregated a... » read more

1.6 Tb/s Ethernet Challenges


Moving data at blazing fast speeds sounds good in theory, but it raises a number of design challenges. John Swanson, senior product marketing manager for high-performance computing digital IP at Synopsys, talks about the impact of next-generation Ethernet on switches, the types of data that need to be considered, the causes of data growth, and the size and structure of data centers, both in the... » read more

Has Computational Storage Finally Arrived?


The idea behind computational storage is not new. It’s just that like so many concepts, the idea has been well ahead of the technology. In a nutshell, computational storage brings processing power to the storage level. It eliminates the need to load data from the storage system into memory for processing. Moving data between storage and compute resources is inefficient and computational sy... » read more

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