Virtual Development Of Perception Sensor Systems


By Ron Martin and Christoph Sohrmann Over the past few years, there has been a marked expansion in research and development activities related to driver assistance systems as well as highly automated and connected driving systems. However, this has yet to translate into a higher degree of automation in the average production vehicle – especially for SAE Level 3 and above. The next step in ... » read more

Specialization Vs. Generalization In Processors


Academia has been looking at specialization for many years, but solutions were rejected because general-purpose solutions were advancing fast enough to keep up with most application requirements. That is no longer the case. The introduction and support of the RISC-V processor architecture has attracted a lot of attention, but whether that is the right direction for the majority of modern comput... » read more

Using A Retimer To Extend Reach For PCIe 6.0 Designs


One of the biggest changes that came with PCIe 6.0 was the transition from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling to PAM4 signaling. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) enables more bits to be transmitted at the same time on a serial channel. In PCIe 6.0, this translates to 2 bits per clock cycle for 4 amplitude levels (00, 01, 10, 11) vs. PCIe 5.0, and earlier generations, which used NRZ with 1 bit p... » read more

MRAM Getting More Attention At Smallest Nodes


Magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM) appears to be gaining traction at the most advanced nodes, in part because of recent improvements in the memory itself and in part because new markets require solutions for which MRAM may be uniquely qualified. There are still plenty of skeptics when it comes to MRAM, and lots of potential competitors. That has limited MRAM to a niche role over the past couple de... » read more

Developing Energy-Efficient AI Accelerators For Intelligent Edge Computing And Data Centers


Artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators are deployed in data centers and at the edge to overcome conventional von Neumann bottlenecks by rapidly processing petabytes of information. Even as Moore’s law slows, AI accelerators continue to efficiently enable key applications that many of us increasingly rely on, from ChatGPT and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to smart edge device... » read more

What Is An Integrated Circuit?


In our modern world, just about everything is woven together by electronics. From microwaves to satellites, electronics-powered devices are infused into our every waking moment. Today, even our sleep includes digital acoustics, haptics, and analytics. But while the systems that light, connect, and move our lives can vary greatly, nearly every electronic device has one or more of the same fundam... » read more

Compiler-Driven Performance Boosts For GPNPUs


The GNU C Compiler – GCC – was first released in 1987. 36 years ago. Several version streams are still actively being developed and enhanced, with GCC13 being the most advanced, and a GCC v10.5 released in early July this year. You might think that with 36 years of refinement by thousands of contributors that penultimate performance has been achieved. All that could be discovered has bee... » read more

Fast, Accurate, Automated Via Insertion During Design Implementation Requires Foundry Rule Compliance


As the scaling of silicon technology proceeds, via resistance is becoming a dominant factor in integrated circuit (IC) yield, performance, and reliability. At advanced nodes, interconnects and via dimensions decrease, while the number of metallization layers increases. To moderate the impact of via resistance on yield and reliability and reduce electromigration (EM) and voltage drop (IR) effect... » read more

Neon Intrinsics In Rust


At the end of 2021, the Neon intrinsics in Rust were completed and the community proposed stabilizing them (not requiring a nightly compiler). The implementation of the Neon intrinsics was a large effort mostly undertaken by the Rust community so Arm would like to thank everyone involved in that. At the time of writing, all the Neon intrinsics that are Armv8.0-A are implemented and are stabi... » read more

Cleaning Marine Geometries Has Never Been Easier


Ship designers and naval architects increasingly use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for more accurate solutions, detailed physics, and quicker results. Marine ship design studies in the past relied mainly on scaled-down models in towing tanks for insights into ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuvering. However, these models had discrepancies in their Reynolds and Fro... » read more

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