Reducing Voltage Guard Band


The 2025 International Solid State Circuits Conference was held in San Francisco from February 16th to 20th. IBM presented three papers[1,2,3] based on their Samsung 5nm Tellum II chip. These are interesting in terms of the technology and the specifics about the design and measures taken to improve energy efficiency and reduce power. My first remembrance of a company specializing in guard-ba... » read more

Easier Assertion Development And Debug With Simulation Replay


By Vin Liao and Robert Ruiz Assertions and assertion IP (AIP) are a core part of the register transfer level (RTL) verification environment for all modern chip development projects. Assertions can be considered as statements of design intent, specifying how the design should behave—and not behave—under specified conditions. They range from simple statements, for example, that a multi-bit... » read more

Enabling Next-Generation Automotive Zonal Architecture With MIPI


The evolution of automotive architecture has followed three key stages: distributed architecture, domain-centralized architecture, and emerging zonal architecture. Each stage reflects advancements in functionality, complexity, and efficiency. Distributed architecture, prevalent in early vehicles, relied on numerous function-specific Electronic Control Units (ECUs). While effective for modularit... » read more

Fulfilling 3D-IC Trade-Off Analyses (And Benefits) With An AI Assist


As we walk around with supercomputers in our pockets and work at desks on even more powerful supercomputers, a lot of processing has moved to the cloud. As a politician described, this can be problematic on a day when there are no clouds in the sky. The world discovered the truth of those words when Crowdstrike struck on July 19, 2024. System designers who spent years balancing power, performan... » read more

Static Timing Analysis: Cell Delay Vs. Cell Drive Strength


Have you ever wondered how a predator succeeds or its prey escapes in the jungle? It’s the breathtaking speed and agility of the predator (say, a leopard) as it chases prey (say, a deer). The VLSI circuit operation is very similar. If the driving cell is strong, it takes less delay and changes the output quicker than a weaker driver, which produces a sluggish response and takes longer t... » read more

3D-IC For The Masses


The concepts of 3D-IC and chiplets have the whole industry excited. It potentially marks the next stage in the evolution of the IP industry, but so far, technical difficulties and cost have curtailed its usage to just a handful of companies. Even within those, they do not appear to be seeing benefits from heterogeneous integration or reuse. Attempts to make this happen are not new. "A decade... » read more

The Importance Of Safety Analysis In Automotive Systems Engineering


Over the years, automotive safety has maintained a top spot in the minds of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Self-driving vehicles, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and AI-driven innovations designed to further protect us on the road are rapidly evolving. It’s been an exciting journey but not without some hiccups for automotive manufacturers along the way. For instance, a... » read more

Chiplets Add New Power Issues


Delivering and managing power are becoming key challenges in the rollout of chiplets, adding significantly to design complexity and forcing chipmakers to weigh tradeoffs that can have a big impact on the performance, reliability, and the overall cost of semiconductors. Power is a concern for every chip and chiplet design, even if the specifics differ based on the application. Systems vendors... » read more

Physics Simulation With Graph Neural Networks Targeting Mobile


By Máté Stodulka and Tomas Zilhao Borges The demand for immersive, realistic graphics in mobile gaming and AR or VR is pushing the limits of mobile hardware. Achieving lifelike simulations of fluids, cloth, and other materials historically requires intensive mathematical computations. While these traditional methods yield highly accurate results, they have been too resource-heavy to run re... » read more

No Fooling With Voxel Pooling


A variety of new and complicated transformer models have emerged in the past 18 to 24 months as new “must have” networks in advanced automotive use cases. These novel architectures often introduce new network operators or novel ways of combining tensors – often from different types of sensors – in ways to enhance detection and recognition of objects in L3 / L4 / L5 ADAS and autonomous d... » read more

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