Scaling PCIe Controllers for AI Bandwidth: A Multistream Architecture Analysis for 64 GT/s and 128 GT/s


Scaling raw lane speed without rethinking controller microarchitecture leads to diminishing returns. It introduces multistream architecture, a controller‑level re‑architecture designed to sustain effective bandwidth under mixed and small‑packet workloads. This paper examines the architectural inflection point at PCIe 6.0, details transmit‑ and receive‑side changes required for multist... » read more