Silicon Photonics Lights The Way To More Efficient Data Centers


Key Takeaways Photonic interconnects potentially increase bandwidth density while significantly reducing power consumption. AI workloads are driving their adoption in data centers. On the other hand, photonic interconnects require a variety of different materials, introducing process compatibility and thermal and mechanical stress issues. Integrated electro-optical I/O modules are th... » read more

Challenges In Scaling Chips To 2nm And Below


Key Takeaways Scaling to 2nm and below continues due to power improvements per watt, but progress is much more challenging and costly. Solutions to problems often create other problems due to less margin for tradeoffs, often requiring larger interposers, more chiplets, and more complex packages. New levels of precision are required throughout the design-through-manufacturing flow, re... » read more

Beating The Heat In 3D Packages


Key Takeaways: Thermal management is a central design constraint, requiring early, thorough planning. Accurate thermal simulation requires AI-driven adaptive meshing and real-world validation. Innovative STCO strategies can drastically reduce GPU peak temperature. As HPC and AI accelerators push power densities to 1kW and beyond, the heat generated by rapidly switching tran... » read more

Liquid Cooling Drives Other Localized Cooling


Key Takeaways: When converting from air to liquid cooling, components without liquid may become too hot. An entire board or system must undergo thermal analysis to ensure that any components that were once cool enough remain cool. Alternative cooling techniques may be needed for components without liquid cooling. Liquid cooling is proving effective at cooling high-power chip... » read more

2D Semiconductors Inch Forward


Key Takeaways: Diffusing oxygen into 2D materials can improve adhesion properties. Channel-last processes can preserve most of the traditional gate-all-around process flow. Dual-gate MoS2 FETs with graphene contacts take advantage of layer transfer methods. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have come a long way since exfoliated flakes were the state of the art, but the... » read more

Advanced Packaging Limits Come Into Focus


Key Takeaways: Packaging is now a performance variable. Substrate, bonding, and process sequence determine what can be built at scale. Warpage underlies most advanced packaging failures and gets harder to control as package sizes grow. Every proposed solution, such as glass, panel processing, and backside power, solves one problem while creating another. Moore's Law has shif... » read more

Tool And Methodology Changes Coming In Fab And Package Automation


Experts at the table: Semiconductor Engineering sat down to discuss what's changing in semiconductor fabs and packaging houses with Michael Lowman, senior product marketing manager for Data Analytics at Cohu; Aftkhar Aslam, CEO at yieldWerx, Woo Young Han, product marketing director at Onto Innovation; and Lihong Cao, senior director of engineering and technical marketing for ASE. What foll... » read more

Making Hybrid Bonding Better


Key Takeaways Fab processes are optimizing for cleanliness, planarity, and high bond quality. Nanotwinned copper and SiCN PVD enable lower anneal and deposition temperatures for HBM. A thin, protective layer helps preserve the Cu/dielectric during aggressive processes. The future of semiconductor manufacturing is no longer dependent just on shrinking features. Instead, chipm... » read more

Back-End Automation Tackles Growing Complexity


Experts at the table: Semiconductor Engineering sat down to discuss back-end automation challenges in advanced packaging with Michael Lowman, senior product marketing manager for Data Analytics at Cohu; Aftkhar Aslam, CEO at yieldWerx, Woo Young Han, product marketing director at Onto Innovation; and Lihong Cao, senior director of engineering and technical marketing for ASE. What follows are ex... » read more

Backside Power Delivery Creates Fab Tool, Thermal Dissipation Barriers


Key Takeaways Backside power delivery reduces routing congestion at the most advanced nodes and offers significant performance improvement options. But it also adds a bunch of new challenges involving via alignment and interconnects. Still, leading-edge foundries are making progress, and all of them plan to offer BPDNs at 2nm and below. Backside power delivery networks deliv... » read more

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