PAwR Simplified: Zephyr And Bluetooth LE 5.4 In Action


If you have ever wanted to see ideas turn into synchronized signals and signals evolve into perfectly timed communication, Bluetooth LE 5.4’s PAwR (Periodic Advertising with Responses) delivers just that. By organizing communication into periodic events, subevents, and response slots, PAwR enables low-power devices to operate in precise rhythm, much like dancers coordinated by a choreograph... » read more

Rethinking AI Infrastructure: The Rise Of PCIe Switches


When thinking of AI, images of futuristic robots or self-driving cars may come to mind. What might not come to mind are the unsung hardware component heroes that are quietly enabling such complex systems. Among these, PCI Express (PCIe) switches might seem to be a boring topic to write about, much less read. But here's the twist—they are nothing short of revolutionary when it comes to empower... » read more

Programmable Hardware Delivers 10,000X Improvement In Verification Speed Over Software For Forward Error Correction


In the race to increase the speeds of wireline networking and communications, forward error correction (FEC) has become a vital part of the toolkit. To function effectively, especially with the increasing use of four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), high-speed protocols need FEC to avoid a rise in the number of reception errors. Each incremental increase in the transmitted symbol rate r... » read more

Research Bits: August 26


THz-optical converter Researchers from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Harvard University designed a chip that can convert between electromagnetic pulses in the terahertz and optical ranges on the same device. Applications include communication, sensing, spectroscopy, and computing. The design embeds micron-sized transmission lines into a lithium niobate photonic chip... » read more

What IoMT Really Stands For


The basic goals of engineering include the achievement of a product’s purpose, safety, cost, manufacturability, and supportability, among other things. For internet of things (IoT) applications, much of the essential purpose relates to wireless communications that untether communication from wires and cables. This is especially true of the rapidly growing internet of medical things (IoMT), wh... » read more

Shattered Silos: 2024’s Top Technology Trends


Technological innovation is increasingly focused on solving pressing, global challenges like climate change, disaster response, and accessible, preventative healthcare. Time is of the essence in finding solutions to these issues. On the global stage, the deadline for the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a framework of strategies to tackle climate change, improve heal... » read more

Design Challenges Of High-Speed Wireline Transmitters


By Samad Parekh and Noman Hai The need for higher bandwidth networking equipment as well as connectivity in the cloud and hyperscale data centers is driving the switch technology transition from 25T (terabytes) to 50T and soon to 100T. The industry has chosen Ethernet to drive the switch market, using 112G SerDes technology today and next generation architectures being designed to operate at... » read more

The Industrial Revolution Is Over


One of the greatest impacts of the industrial revolution was that better communication allowed for greater specialization, and with that came better economics. There have been multiple waves of the industrial revolution, each triggered by some improvement in communications. The first wave was all about trains — raw materials and finished goods could be quickly and cheaply moved between cit... » read more

High-Performance SerDes Enable The 5G Wireless Edge


Investment at the core of the global internet is red hot. The number of hyperscale data centers jumped to 700 worldwide at the end of 2021, and with more than 300 in the pipeline, should rise to over 1000 by 20241. In the span of five years, total hyperscale data centers will have doubled. And as the raw number shoots up, more powerful compute and networking hardware is rapidly being deployed, ... » read more

What Will Be The Killer App For 5G? Time To Place Your Bets


5G is here. But where will its capabilities soar first? Here are my guesses for where the breakthroughs could occur along with factors that might hold it back. 1. Supply Chain. The world’s 5,300+ plus cargo ships carry 90% of the world’s freight and can collectively hold 1.97 billion deadweight tons of cargo. 5G—delivered through private networks or secure slices of public networks—c... » read more

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