Researchers from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have published “ZK-Flex: A Flexible and Scalable Framework for Accelerating Zero-Knowledge Proofs”.
Abstract “Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) allows a prover to convince a verifier of computational correctness without revealing private data, ensuring both privacy and verifiability. However, proof generation is highly compute-intensive, dominated by polynomial (POLY) and elliptic-curve (EC) operations. These workloads pose two key challenges for hardware acceleration: (1) efficiently supporting diverse large-precision modular multiplications, and (2) maintaining high utilization across workloads that dynamically shift between POLY and EC stages. Existing reconfigurable accelerators address these issues only partially, remaining limited in precision scalability, algorithmic flexibility, and resource efficiency. To overcome these limitations, we propose ZK-Flex, a flexible and scalable software-hardware co-designed framework for accelerating ZKP proof generation. The software layer incorporates POLY and EC optimizers that reduce computation through hardware- and workload-aware algorithmic choices, while the hardware integrates TCore, a Toom-Cook-based multi-precision core with a flexible NoC and a linked-list memory mechanism that improves parallelism under limited memory capacity. Across representative ZKP benchmarks, ZK-Flex achieves 5 to 11 times speedup and up to 3.8 times higher area efficiency over the state of the art, establishing a new foundation for high-performance, reconfigurable ZKP acceleration.”
Find the technical paper here. June 2026.
arXiv:2606.03046v1
Putra, Adiwena, Cuong Manh Duong, Anh Quang Pham, and Joo-Young Kim. “ZK-Flex: A Flexible and Scalable Framework for Accelerating Zero-Knowledge Proofs.” In 63rd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC ’26), 2026. https://doi.org/10.1145/3770743.3803941.
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